【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
■ 問題
2022年大学入試共通テスト追試英語より
第6問
B You are in a student group preparing a poster for a presentation
contest. You have been using the following passage to create the poster.
[A Brief History of Units of Length]
Since ancient times, people have measured things. Measuring helps humans
say how long, far, big, or heavy something is with some kind of accuracy.
While weight and volume are important for the exchange of food, it can be
argued that one of the most useful measurements is length because it is
needed to calculate area, which helps in the exchange, protection, and
taxation of property.
Measuring systems would often be based on or related to the human body.
One of the earliest known measuring systems was the cubit, which was
created around the 3rd millennium BC in Egypt and Mesopotamia. One cubit
was the length of a man's forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle
finger, which according to one royal standard was 524 millimeters (mm).
In addition, the old Roman foot (296 mm), which probably came from the
Egyptians, was based on a human foot.
A unit of measurement known as the yard probably originated in Britain
after the Roman occupation and it is said to be based on the double cubit.
Whatever its origin, there were several different yards in use in Britain.
Each one was a different length until the 12th century when the yard was
standardized as the length from King Henry I's nose to his thumb on his
outstretched arm. But it was not until the 14th century that official
documents described the yard as being divided into three equal parts
-- three feet -- with one foot consisting of 12 inches. While this
description helped standardize the inch and foot, it wasn't until the late
15th century, when King Henry VII distributed official metal samples of feet
and yards, that people knew for certain their true length. Over the years,
a number of small adjustments were made until the International Yard and
Pound Agreement of 1959 finally defined the standard inch, foot, and yard
as 25.4 mm, 304.8 mm, and 914.4 mm respectively.
The use of the human body as a standard from which to develop a measuring
system was not unique to western cultures. The traditional Chinese unit of
length called chi -- now one-third of a meter -- was originally defined as
the length from the tip of the thumb to the outstretched tip of the middle
finger, which was around 200 mm. However, over the years it increased in
length and became known as the Chinese foot. Interestingly, the Japanese
shaku, which was based on the chi, is almost the same as one standard foot.
It is only 1.8 mm shorter.
The connection between the human body and measurement can also be found in
sailing. The fathom (6 feet), the best-known unit for measureing the depth
of the sea in the English-speaking world, was historically an ancient Greek
measurememt. It was not a very accurate measurement as it was based on the
length of rope a sailor could extend from open arm to open arm. Like many
other British and American units, it was also standardized in 1959.
つづく
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=========================== お知らせ1 ===============================
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■ スラッシュリーディング
B You are in a student group / preparing a poster
/ for a presentation contest.
あなたはある学生グループに入っている / ポスターを準備している
/ あるプレゼンテーションコンテストのための
You have been using / the following passage / to create the poster.
あなたは使っている / 次の文章を / そのポスターを作るために
[A Brief History / of Units of Length]
手短な歴史 / 長さの単位の
Since ancient times, / people have measured / things.
古代から / 人々は測ってきた / 物を
(以下略)
(有料版では、解説の続きも掲載しています)
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
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=========================== お知らせ2 ===============================
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解説の続きは、本日21時配信予定の
【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
に掲載します!
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=========================== お知らせ3 ===============================
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【中学5科】高校入試の重要ポイント
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