【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
■ 問題
第５問
In your English class, you will give a presentation about a great
inventor. You found the following article and prepared notes for your
presentation.
┌―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┐
｜ Who invented television? It is not an easy question to answer. In ｜
｜the early years of the 20th century, there was something called a ｜
｜mechanical television system, but it was not a success. Inventors were｜
｜also competing to develop an electronic television system, which later｜
｜became the basis of what we have today. In the US, there was a battle ｜
｜over the patent for the electronic television system, which attracted ｜
｜people's attention because it was between a young man and a giant ｜
｜corporation. This patent would give the inventor the official right to｜
｜be the only person to develop, use, or sell the system. ｜
｜ Philo Taylor Farnsworth was born in a log cabin in Utah in 1906. His｜
｜family did not have electricity until he was 12 years old, and he was ｜
｜excited to find a generator--a machine that produces electricity--when｜
｜they moved into a new home. He was very interested in mechanical and ｜
｜electrical technology, reading any information he could find on the ｜
｜subject. He would often repair the old generator and even changed his ｜
｜mother's hand-powered washing machine into an electricity-powered one.｜
｜ One day, while working in his father's potato field, he looked ｜
｜behind him and saw all the straight parallel rows of soil that he had ｜
｜made. Suddenly, it occurred to him that it might be possible to create｜
｜an electronic image on a screen using parallel lines, just like the ｜
｜rows in the field. In 1922, during the spring semester of his first ｜
｜year at high school, he presented this idea to his chemistry teacher, ｜
｜Justin Tolman, and asked for advice about his concept of an electronic｜
｜television system. With sketches and diagrams on blackboards, he ｜
｜showed the teacher how it might be accomplished, and Tolman encouraged｜
｜him to develop his ideas. ｜
｜ On September 7, 1927, Farnsworth succeeded in sending his first ｜
｜electronic image. In the following years, he further improved the ｜
｜system so that it could successfully broadcast live images. The US ｜
｜government gave him a patent for this system in 1930. ｜
｜ However, Farnsworth was not the only one working on such a system. A｜
｜giant company, RCA(Radio Corporation of America), also saw a bright ｜
｜future for television and did not want to miss the opportunity. They ｜
｜recruited Vladimir Zworykin, who had already worked on an electronic ｜
｜television system and had earned a patent as early as 1923. Yet, in ｜
｜1931, they offered Farnsworth a large sum of money to sell them his ｜
｜patent as his system was superior to that of Zworykin's. He refused ｜
｜this offer, which started a patent war between Farnsworth and RCA. ｜
｜ The company took legal action against Farnsworth, claiming that ｜
｜Zworykin's 1923 patent had priority even though he had never made a ｜
｜working version of his system. Farnsworth lost the first two rounds of｜
｜the court case. However, in the final round, the teacher who had ｜
｜copied Farnsworth's blackboard drawings gave evidence that Farnsworth ｜
｜did have the idea of an electronic television system at least a year ｜
｜before Zworykin's patent was issued. In 1934, a judge approved ｜
｜Farnsworth's patent claim on the strength of handwritten notes made by｜
｜his old high school teacher Tolman. ｜
｜ Farnsworth died in 1971 at the age of 64. He held about 300 US and ｜
｜foreign patents, mostly in radio and television, and in 1999, TIME ｜
｜magazine included Farnsworth in Time 100: The Most Important People of｜
｜the Century. In an interview after his death, Farnsworth's wife Pem ｜
｜recalled Neil Armstrong's moon landing being broadcast. Watching the ｜
｜television with her, Farnsworth had said, "Pem, this has made it all ｜
｜worthwhile." His story will always be tied to his teenage dream of ｜
｜sending moving pictures through the air and those blackboard drawings ｜
｜at his high school. ｜
└―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┘
Your presentation notes:
┌―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┐
｜○ Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971) ｜
｜○ ｜
｜○ －[ 30 ]－ ｜
｜○ [Early Days] ｜
｜○ －born in a log cabin without electricity ｜
｜○ －[ 31 ] ｜
｜○ －[ 32 ] ｜
｜○ ｜
｜○ [Sequence of Key Events] ｜
｜○ ｜[ 33 ] ｜
｜○ ｜[ 34 ] ｜
｜○ ｜Farnsworth successfully sent his first image. ｜
｜○ ｜[ 35 ] ｜
｜○ ｜[ 36 ] ｜
｜○ ↓RCA took Farnsworth to court. ｜
｜○ ｜
｜○ [Outcome] ｜
｜○ －Farnsworth won the patent battle against RCA thanks to [ 37 ].｜
｜○ ｜
｜○ [Achievements and Recognition] ｜
｜○ －Farnsworth had about 300 patents. ｜
｜○ －TIME magazine listed him as one of the century's most ｜
｜○ important figures. ｜
｜○ －[ 38 ] ｜
｜○ ｜
└―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┘
問１ Which is the best subtitle for your presentation? [ 30 ]
{1} A Young Inventor Against a Giant Company
{2} From High School Teacher to Successful Inventor
{3} Never-Ending Passion for Generating Electricity
{4} The Future of Electronic Television
問２ Choose the best two options for [ 31 ] and [ 32 ] to complete [Early
Days]. (The order does not matter.)
{1} bought a generator to provide his family with electricity
{2} built a log cabin that had electricity with the help of his father
{3} enjoyed reading books on every subject in school
{4} fixed and improved household equipment for his family
{5} got the idea for an electronic television system while working in a field
問３ Choose [four] out of the five events ({1}～{5}) in the order they
happened to complete [Sequence of Key Events].
[ 33 ]→[ 34 ]→[ 35 ]→[ 36 ]
{1} Farnsworth rejected RCA's offer.
{2} Farnsworth shared his idea with his high school teacher.
{3} RCA won the first stage of the battle.
{4} The US government gave Farnsworth the patent.
{5} Zworykin was granted a patent for his television system.
問４ Choose the best option for [ 37 ] to complete [Outcome].
{1} the acceptance of his rival's technology inferiority
{2} the financial assistance provided by Tolman
{3} the sketches his teacher had kept for many years
{4} the withdrawal of RCA from the battle
問５ Choose the best option for [ 38 ] to complete [Achievements and
Recognition].
{1} He and his wife were given an award for their work with RCA.
{2} He appeared on TV when Armstrong's first moon landing was broadcast.
{3} His invention has enabled us to watch historic events live.
{4} Many teenagers have followed their dreams after watching him on TV.
※一部記号は省略、マーク部分の□や下線部は[ ]、マル１は{1}で表記しています。
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■ スラッシュリーディング
In your English class, / you will give a presentation
/ about a great inventor.
あなたの英語の授業で / あなたは発表する予定だ
/ ある偉大な発明家について
You found / the following article / and prepared notes
/ for your presentation.
あなたは見つけた / 次の記事を / そしてメモを準備した
/ あなたの発表のための
┌―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┐
Who invented television?
誰がテレビを発明したか？
It is not an easy question / to answer.
それは簡単な質問ではない / 答えるのが
In the early years / of the 20th century, / there was something
/ called a mechanical television system, / but / it was not a success.
早い年には / 20世紀の / 何かがあった
/ 機械的なテレビシステムと呼ばれる / しかし / それは成功ではなかった
(以下略)
(有料版では、解説の続きも掲載しています)
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
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【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
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