本日配信のメルマガでは、2024年大学入学共通テスト英語第６問Ａを解説します。
【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html■ 問題
2024年大学入学共通テストより
第６問
Ａ Your English teacher has assigned this article to you. You need to
prepare notes to give a short talk.
[Perception of Time]
When you hear the word "time," it is probably hours, minutes, and seconds
that immediately come to mind. In the late 19th century, however,
philosopher Henri Bergson described how people usually do not experience
time as it is measured by clocks ([clock time]). Humans do not have a known
biological mechanism to measure clock time, so they use mental processes
instead. This is called [psychological time], which everyone perceives
differently.
If you were asked how long it had taken to finish your homework, you
probably would not know exactly. You would think back and make an estimate.
In a 1975 experiment, participants were shown either simple or complex
shapes for a fixed amount of time and asked to memorize them. Afterwards,
they were asked how long they had looked at the shapes. To answer, they
used a mental process called [retrospective timing], which is estimating
time based on the information retrieved from memory. Participants who were
shown the complex shapes felt the time was longer, while the people who saw
the simple shapes experienced the opposite.
Another process to measure psychological time is called [prospective
timing]. It is used when you are actively keeping track of time while doing
something. Instead of using the amount of information recalled, the level
of attention given to time while doing the activity is used. In several
studies, the participants performed tasks while estimating the time needed
to complete them. Time seemed shorter for the people doing more challenging
mental activities which required them to place more focus on the task than
on time. Time felt longer for the participants who did simpler tasks and
the longest for those who were waiting or doing nothing.
Your emotional state can influence your awareness of time, too. For
example, you can be enjoying a concert so much that you forget about time.
Afterwards, you are shocked that hours have passed by in what seemed to be
the blink of an eye. To explain this, we often say, "Time flies when you're
having fun." The opposite occurs when you are bored. Instead of being
focused on an activity, you notice the time. It seems to go very slowly as
you cannot wait for your boredom to end. Fear also affects our perception
of time. In a 2006 study, more than 60 people experienced skydiving for the
first time. Participants with high levels of unpleasant emotions perceived
the time spent skydiving to be much longer than it was in reality.
Psychological time also seems to move differently during life stages.
Children constantly encounter new information and have new experiences,
which makes each day memorable and seem longer when recalled. Also, time
creeps by for them as they anticipate upcoming events such as birthdays
and trips. For most adults, unknown information is rarely encountered and
new experiences become less frequent, so less mental focus is required and
each day becomes less memorable. However, this is not always the case.
Daily routines are shaken up when drastic changes occur, such as changing
jobs or relocating to a new city. In such cases, the passage of time for
those people is similar to that for children. But generally speaking, time
seems to accelerate as we mature.
Knowledge of psychological time can be helpful in our daily lives, as it
may help us deal with boredom. Because time passes slowly when we are not
mentally focused and thinking about time, changing to a more engaging
activity, such as reading a book, will help ease our boredom and speed up
the time. The next occasion that you hear "Time flies when you're having
fun," you will be reminded of this.
Your notes:
┌─────────────────────────────────┐
｜ [Perception of Time] ｜
｜ ｜
｜[Outline by paragraph] ｜
｜ １．[ 39 ] ｜
｜ ２．Retrospective timing ｜
｜ ３．Prospective timing ｜
｜ ４．[ 40 ] ｜
｜ ≫Skydiving ｜
｜ ５．Effects of age ｜
｜ ≫Time speeds up as we mature, but a [ 41 ]. ｜
｜ ６．Practical tips ｜
｜ ｜
｜[My original examples to help the audience] ｜
｜ Ａ．Retrospective timing ｜
｜ Example: [ 42 ] ｜
｜ Ｂ．Prospective timing ｜
｜ Example: [ 43 ] ｜
└─────────────────────────────────┘
問１ Choose the best options for [ 39 ] and [ 40 ].
{1} Biological mechanisms
{2} Effects of our feelings
{3} Kinds of memory
{4} Life stages
{5} Ongoing research
{6} Types of time
問２ Choose the best option for [ 41 ].
{1} major lifestyle change at any age will likely make time slow down
{2} major lifestyle change regardless of age will likely make time speed up
{3} minor lifestyle change for adults will likely make time slow down
{4} minor lifestyle change for children will likely make time speed up
問３ Choose the best option for [ 42 ].
{1} anticipating a message from a classmate
{2} memorizing your mother's cellphone number
{3} reflecting on how many hours you worked today
{4} remembering that you have a meeting tomorrow
問４ Choose the best option for [ 43 ].
{1} guessing how long you've been jogging so far
{2} making a schedule for the basketball team summer camp
{3} running into your tennis coach at the railway station
{4} thinking about your last family vacation to a hot spring
※一部記号は省略、マーク部分の□や下線部は[ ]、マル１は{1}で表記しています。
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
★★★★★★★「ＡＥ個別学習室(えまじゅく)」生徒募集！★★★★★★★★
★ ★
★ 茨城県水戸市、常陸太田市の個別指導教室 ★
★ 「ＡＥ個別学習室(えまじゅく)」では、生徒募集をしています。 ★
★ 対象は小学生・中学生・高校生・浪人生。社会人も歓迎します！ ★
★ オンライン授業も好評です！全国の生徒さんに対応可能です。 ★
★ ★
★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
えまじゅくでは、経験豊富なプロ講師のマンツーマン授業が受けられます。
授業料が最大で４０％引きになる、２人～４人の同時指導も好評です！
今年も何人もの生徒さんが、第一志望(以上)の結果を出してくれました。
興味をお持ちの方は、まずは mm@a-ema.com までお問い合わせください。
家庭教師・塾のサイトと連絡先はここ →
http://www.a-ema.com/━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
■ 問いの内容と解説
問１ Choose the best options / for [ 39 ] and [ 40 ].
最適な選択肢を選べ / [ 39 ]と[ 40 ]に
{1} Biological mechanisms 生物学的なメカニズム
{2} Effects of our feelings 私たちの感覚の影響
{3} Kinds of memory 記憶の種類
{4} Life stages 人生の段階
{5} Ongoing research 進行中の調査
{6} Types of time 時間の種類
Your noteを確認すると、
[Outline by paragraph]
１．[ 39 ]
２．Retrospective timing
３．Prospective timing
４．[ 40 ]
≫Skydiving
[ 39 ]と[ 40 ]は各段落の要点ですね。
第１段落では、全体的な内容を説明しています。
「perception of time」とは何かを述べているので、６番Types of timeが適して
いると考えられます。
第２段落ではRetrospective timing、第３段落はProspective timingについて述べた
後、第４段落が問いになっています。
第４段落の最初に、
(以下略)
(有料版では、解説の続きも掲載しています)
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
=========================== お知らせ２ ===============================
ブログにて様々な問題を解説しています！
■ センター数学を理由の理由まで解説するブログ
http://centermath.seesaa.net/■ センター英語をひとつひとつ解説するブログ
http://a-emaenglish.seesaa.net/■ 何でも解説するブログ(塾＆家庭教師ブログ)
http://a-ema.seesaa.net/紙の書籍、電子書籍もご利用ください。
中学・高校の英語・数学の書籍を出版しています。
★江間淳(えまあつし)の書籍一覧 →
http://amzn.to/2lnKZdS━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
解説の続きは、本日21時配信予定の
【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.htmlに掲載します！
全て長文問題になった大学入学共通テスト。今まで以上に読解力が求められます。
翻訳も行っている著者が、スラッシュリーディング、全文訳とともに解説します。
月・水・土配信。\550/月。初月無料です。
※追試はスラッシュリーディングのみの掲載とします。
ブログにもメルマガの記事を分割して掲載しています。
■ 共通テスト・センター英語をひとつひとつ解説するブログ
http://a-emaenglish.seesaa.net/━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
------------------------------------------------------------------------
発行者 江間淳(EMA Atsushi)
mm@a-ema.com
http://www.a-ema.com/k/ https://twitter.com/A_EMA_RYU------------------------------------------------------------------------
無断転載・引用を禁じます。
=========================== お知らせ３ ===============================
５万人以上の利用実績がある勉強アプリ。英語・数学・化学など。
★印のものはGooglePlayでも公開中です。「江間淳」で検索してみてくださいね！
★【高校数学】読むだけでわかる！数学１Ａの考え方
http://pmana.jp/pc/pm586.html【高校数学】読むだけでわかる！数学２Ｂの考え方
http://pmana.jp/pc/pm743.html【高校数学】読むだけでわかる！数学３の考え方
http://pmana.jp/pc/pm730.html★【高校英語】センター試験徹底トレーニング
http://pmana.jp/pc/pm588.html★【高校化学】読むだけでわかる！理論・無機・有機化学の考え方
http://pmana.jp/pc/pm603.html【高校物理】読むだけでわかる！物理基礎・物理の考え方
http://pmana.jp/pc/pm729.html【中学５科】高校入試の重要ポイント
http://pmana.jp/pc/pm707.html
