【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
■ 問題
2025年大学入学共通テストより
第７問
You are preparing a presentation for a science project on animal habits.
You found some interesting information in the article below and are now
making your outline.
┌────────────────────────────────────┐
｜ [Animal Sleep Patterns] ｜
｜ ｜
｜ If you ever spend all day at home, you might notice that your pet cat ｜
｜sleeps a lot during the day and is quite active in the evening and early｜
｜morning. Humans, on the other hand, are awake during most of the ｜
｜daylight and evening hours and then sleep for a long time at night. ｜
｜ Sleep is essential for animals' physical and mental health, and for ｜
｜their bodies to function efficiently. For animals with brains and ｜
｜central nervous systems, sleep is generally defined as an altered state ｜
｜of consciousness characterized by specific body positions, closed eyes, ｜
｜a general decrease in physical activity, and slower response rates. ｜
｜Sleep also gives the brain neurons a chance to reset, and the body ｜
｜becomes energized. Most creatures experience states of sleep, but the ｜
｜types and patterns differ from species to species. ｜
｜ Different sleep patterns over a 24-hour cycle have been identified in ｜
｜various types of animals. Three common patterns are called monophasic, ｜
｜biphasic, and polyphasic. Monophasic sleep, experienced by humans and ｜
｜many larger animals, happens when one is awake and active for many ｜
｜hours, and then one sleeps for an extended period. Some birds, insects, ｜
｜and mammals utilize a kind of biphasic sleep, where the animal has two ｜
｜waking and sleeping times, with one sleep being long and the other like ｜
｜a nap. Dogs and cats are polyphasic, meaning they have four to six ｜
｜sleeping and waking periods throughout the day. ｜
｜ There are variations in sleep patterns depending on the animal's size,｜
｜physical needs, and diet. Smaller animals such as squirrels or mice tend｜
｜to use up their energy by moving quickly and frequently. This results in｜
｜the need to sleep more often but for shorter periods of time. Lions are ｜
｜carnivorous animals and have longer sleeping times because their food ｜
｜sources satisfy their hunger for longer periods. Large herbivores like ｜
｜wild horses, on the other hand, sleep less than meat-eating animals ｜
｜because their plant-based diet has relatively few calories, resulting in｜
｜the need to spend most of their time searching for food. ｜
｜ Safety is another variable in sleep patterns. Animals that can create ｜
｜safe spaces tend to enjoy longer periods of sleep, but those that might ｜
｜need to stay alert sleep less. Apes sleep on platforms, high above the ｜
｜jungle floor, which keep them away from attackers. Some smaller animals ｜
｜such as rabbits create shelters by digging into the ground where it is ｜
｜difficult for predators to find them. As a result, they feel safer and ｜
｜sleep longer. In contrast, elephants often travel long distances and may｜
｜feel exposed to danger from hunters or other animals, contributing to ｜
｜their short sleeping times. ｜
｜ The animal sleep patterns discussed so far tend to be typical. A ｜
｜pattern that may be less easily noticed in our daily lives is called ｜
｜unihemispheric sleep. In this type of sleep, some animals traveling in a｜
｜group keep one eye open. While one side of the animal's brain sleeps, ｜
｜the other side stays awake and alert to its surroundings. In this way, ｜
｜the animal can experience the reviving effects of sleep while also ｜
｜watching out for threats. This unihemispheric sleep occurs in some bird ｜
｜species when they are flying long distances in groups. Birds flying at ｜
｜the outer edge of the group use this type of sleep to help protect the ｜
｜other members that sleep with both eyes closed. ｜
｜ Besides the types of sleep explained above, there are patterns that ｜
｜can be considered to be sleep-like activities. Hibernation, which can be｜
｜observed in black bears, is a long, inactive period when food is scarce ｜
｜or the weather is severe. During this time, the animal's body ｜
｜temperature drops, its heart rate and breathing slow down, and it may ｜
｜appear dead. Creatures such as jellyfish that have no central nervous ｜
｜system also experience times of extreme relaxation where they remain in ｜
｜a less responsive state. ｜
｜ As shown above, sleep plays an important role in the lives of animals ｜
｜and it is much more complex than simply closing the eyes. ｜
└────────────────────────────────────┘
つづく
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■ スラッシュリーディング
You are preparing a presentation / for a science project / on animal habits.
あなたは発表の用意をしている / ある科学プロジェクトの / 動物の習性についての
You found / some interesting information / in the article below
/ and are now making your outline.
あなたは見つけた / 面白い情報を / 下の記事の中に
/ そして今アウトラインを作っている
Animal Sleep Patterns 動物の睡眠パターン
If you ever spend all day / at home, / you might notice that
/ your pet cat sleeps a lot / during the day / and is quite active
/ in the evening and early morning.
もしあなたが一日中過ごしたら / 家で / あなたは～に気付くかも知れない
/ あなたのペットがたくさん眠ることを / 日中 / そして非常に活動的だ
/ 夜や早朝に
Humans, / on the other hand, / are awake / during most of the daylight
/ and evening hours / and then sleep / for a long time / at night.
(以下略)
(有料版では、解説の続きも掲載しています)
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
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【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
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