【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
■ 問題
2025年大学入学共通テストより
第７問
You are preparing a presentation for a science project on animal habits.
You found some interesting information in the article below and are now
making your outline.
┌────────────────────────────────────┐
｜ [Animal Sleep Patterns] ｜
｜ ｜
｜ If you ever spend all day at home, you might notice that your pet cat ｜
｜sleeps a lot during the day and is quite active in the evening and early｜
｜morning. Humans, on the other hand, are awake during most of the ｜
｜daylight and evening hours and then sleep for a long time at night. ｜
｜ Sleep is essential for animals' physical and mental health, and for ｜
｜their bodies to function efficiently. For animals with brains and ｜
｜central nervous systems, sleep is generally defined as an altered state ｜
｜of consciousness characterized by specific body positions, closed eyes, ｜
｜a general decrease in physical activity, and slower response rates. ｜
｜Sleep also gives the brain neurons a chance to reset, and the body ｜
｜becomes energized. Most creatures experience states of sleep, but the ｜
｜types and patterns differ from species to species. ｜
｜ Different sleep patterns over a 24-hour cycle have been identified in ｜
｜various types of animals. Three common patterns are called monophasic, ｜
｜biphasic, and polyphasic. Monophasic sleep, experienced by humans and ｜
｜many larger animals, happens when one is awake and active for many ｜
｜hours, and then one sleeps for an extended period. Some birds, insects, ｜
｜and mammals utilize a kind of biphasic sleep, where the animal has two ｜
｜waking and sleeping times, with one sleep being long and the other like ｜
｜a nap. Dogs and cats are polyphasic, meaning they have four to six ｜
｜sleeping and waking periods throughout the day. ｜
｜ There are variations in sleep patterns depending on the animal's size,｜
｜physical needs, and diet. Smaller animals such as squirrels or mice tend｜
｜to use up their energy by moving quickly and frequently. This results in｜
｜the need to sleep more often but for shorter periods of time. Lions are ｜
｜carnivorous animals and have longer sleeping times because their food ｜
｜sources satisfy their hunger for longer periods. Large herbivores like ｜
｜wild horses, on the other hand, sleep less than meat-eating animals ｜
｜because their plant-based diet has relatively few calories, resulting in｜
｜the need to spend most of their time searching for food. ｜
｜ Safety is another variable in sleep patterns. Animals that can create ｜
｜safe spaces tend to enjoy longer periods of sleep, but those that might ｜
｜need to stay alert sleep less. Apes sleep on platforms, high above the ｜
｜jungle floor, which keep them away from attackers. Some smaller animals ｜
｜such as rabbits create shelters by digging into the ground where it is ｜
｜difficult for predators to find them. As a result, they feel safer and ｜
｜sleep longer. In contrast, elephants often travel long distances and may｜
｜feel exposed to danger from hunters or other animals, contributing to ｜
｜their short sleeping times. ｜
｜ The animal sleep patterns discussed so far tend to be typical. A ｜
｜pattern that may be less easily noticed in our daily lives is called ｜
｜unihemispheric sleep. In this type of sleep, some animals traveling in a｜
｜group keep one eye open. While one side of the animal's brain sleeps, ｜
｜the other side stays awake and alert to its surroundings. In this way, ｜
｜the animal can experience the reviving effects of sleep while also ｜
｜watching out for threats. This unihemispheric sleep occurs in some bird ｜
｜species when they are flying long distances in groups. Birds flying at ｜
｜the outer edge of the group use this type of sleep to help protect the ｜
｜other members that sleep with both eyes closed. ｜
｜ Besides the types of sleep explained above, there are patterns that ｜
｜can be considered to be sleep-like activities. Hibernation, which can be｜
｜observed in black bears, is a long, inactive period when food is scarce ｜
｜or the weather is severe. During this time, the animal's body ｜
｜temperature drops, its heart rate and breathing slow down, and it may ｜
｜appear dead. Creatures such as jellyfish that have no central nervous ｜
｜system also experience times of extreme relaxation where they remain in ｜
｜a less responsive state. ｜
｜ As shown above, sleep plays an important role in the lives of animals ｜
｜and it is much more complex than simply closing the eyes. ｜
└────────────────────────────────────┘
Your presentation outline
┌───────────────────────────────────┐
｜ [How Animals Sleep] ｜
｜ ｜
｜importance of Sleep [ 32 ] ｜
｜ A. To alter body temperature ｜
｜ B. To maintain overall health ｜
｜ C. To refresh the animal's body ｜
｜ D. To reset the brain neurons ｜
｜ ｜
｜Biphasic Sleep Pattern (in each 24-hour cycle) ｜
｜ [ 33 ] ｜
｜ ｜
｜Some Conditions Affecting Sleep Patterns ｜
｜ - Animals [ 34 ]. ｜
｜ - Animals [ 35 ]. ｜
｜ ｜
｜Unihemispheric Sleep ｜
｜ - Some birds [ 36 ]. ｜
｜ ｜
｜[ 37 ] ｜
｜ - Black bear hibernation ｜
｜ - Jellyfish relaxation ｜
└───────────────────────────────────┘
問１ Under the heading, "Importance of Sleep," you spotted an error in your
presentation outline. Which of the following should you remove? [ 32 ]
{1} Ａ
{2} Ｂ
{3} Ｃ
{4} Ｄ
問２ You want to use a figure for the biphasic sleep pattern mentioned in
the article. Choose the best option for [ 33 ].
選択肢はこちら→http://www.a-ema.com/img/2025eng7.png
つづく
※一部図や記号は省略または類似のものに変更、文章のレイアウトも一部変更、
マーク部分の□や下線部は[ ]、マル１は{1}で表記しています。
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■ 問いの内容と解説
問１ Under the heading, / "Importance of Sleep," / you spotted an error
/ in your presentation outline.
/ Which of the following / should you remove? [ 32 ]
その見出しの下で / "Importance of Sleep"の / あなたは誤りを見つけた
/ あなたのプレゼンテーションの下書きの中の
/ 次のうちどれを / あなたは取り除くべきか？
つまり、文章の内容と合わないもの、文章では言われていないものを選ぶ問題です。
それぞれの記述を確認してみると、
A. To alter body temperature 体温を調整すること
B. To maintain overall health 全体的な健康を維持すること
C. To refresh the animal's body 動物の体を・・・
(以下略)
(有料版では、解説の続きも掲載しています)
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【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
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