【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
■ 問題
2025年大学入学共通テストより
第7問
You are preparing a presentation for a science project on animal habits.
You found some interesting information in the article below and are now
making your outline.
┌────────────────────────────────────┐
| [Animal Sleep Patterns] |
| |
| If you ever spend all day at home, you might notice that your pet cat |
|sleeps a lot during the day and is quite active in the evening and early|
|morning. Humans, on the other hand, are awake during most of the |
|daylight and evening hours and then sleep for a long time at night. |
| Sleep is essential for animals' physical and mental health, and for |
|their bodies to function efficiently. For animals with brains and |
|central nervous systems, sleep is generally defined as an altered state |
|of consciousness characterized by specific body positions, closed eyes, |
|a general decrease in physical activity, and slower response rates. |
|Sleep also gives the brain neurons a chance to reset, and the body |
|becomes energized. Most creatures experience states of sleep, but the |
|types and patterns differ from species to species. |
| Different sleep patterns over a 24-hour cycle have been identified in |
|various types of animals. Three common patterns are called monophasic, |
|biphasic, and polyphasic. Monophasic sleep, experienced by humans and |
|many larger animals, happens when one is awake and active for many |
|hours, and then one sleeps for an extended period. Some birds, insects, |
|and mammals utilize a kind of biphasic sleep, where the animal has two |
|waking and sleeping times, with one sleep being long and the other like |
|a nap. Dogs and cats are polyphasic, meaning they have four to six |
|sleeping and waking periods throughout the day. |
| There are variations in sleep patterns depending on the animal's size,|
|physical needs, and diet. Smaller animals such as squirrels or mice tend|
|to use up their energy by moving quickly and frequently. This results in|
|the need to sleep more often but for shorter periods of time. Lions are |
|carnivorous animals and have longer sleeping times because their food |
|sources satisfy their hunger for longer periods. Large herbivores like |
|wild horses, on the other hand, sleep less than meat-eating animals |
|because their plant-based diet has relatively few calories, resulting in|
|the need to spend most of their time searching for food. |
| Safety is another variable in sleep patterns. Animals that can create |
|safe spaces tend to enjoy longer periods of sleep, but those that might |
|need to stay alert sleep less. Apes sleep on platforms, high above the |
|jungle floor, which keep them away from attackers. Some smaller animals |
|such as rabbits create shelters by digging into the ground where it is |
|difficult for predators to find them. As a result, they feel safer and |
|sleep longer. In contrast, elephants often travel long distances and may|
|feel exposed to danger from hunters or other animals, contributing to |
|their short sleeping times. |
| The animal sleep patterns discussed so far tend to be typical. A |
|pattern that may be less easily noticed in our daily lives is called |
|unihemispheric sleep. In this type of sleep, some animals traveling in a|
|group keep one eye open. While one side of the animal's brain sleeps, |
|the other side stays awake and alert to its surroundings. In this way, |
|the animal can experience the reviving effects of sleep while also |
|watching out for threats. This unihemispheric sleep occurs in some bird |
|species when they are flying long distances in groups. Birds flying at |
|the outer edge of the group use this type of sleep to help protect the |
|other members that sleep with both eyes closed. |
| Besides the types of sleep explained above, there are patterns that |
|can be considered to be sleep-like activities. Hibernation, which can be|
|observed in black bears, is a long, inactive period when food is scarce |
|or the weather is severe. During this time, the animal's body |
|temperature drops, its heart rate and breathing slow down, and it may |
|appear dead. Creatures such as jellyfish that have no central nervous |
|system also experience times of extreme relaxation where they remain in |
|a less responsive state. |
| As shown above, sleep plays an important role in the lives of animals |
|and it is much more complex than simply closing the eyes. |
└────────────────────────────────────┘
Your presentation outline
┌───────────────────────────────────┐
| [How Animals Sleep] |
| |
|importance of Sleep [ 32 ] |
| A. To alter body temperature |
| B. To maintain overall health |
| C. To refresh the animal's body |
| D. To reset the brain neurons |
| |
|Biphasic Sleep Pattern (in each 24-hour cycle) |
| [ 33 ] |
| |
|Some Conditions Affecting Sleep Patterns |
| - Animals [ 34 ]. |
| - Animals [ 35 ]. |
| |
|Unihemispheric Sleep |
| - Some birds [ 36 ]. |
| |
|[ 37 ] |
| - Black bear hibernation |
| - Jellyfish relaxation |
└───────────────────────────────────┘
問1 Under the heading, "Importance of Sleep," you spotted an error in your
presentation outline. Which of the following should you remove? [ 32 ]
{1} A
{2} B
{3} C
{4} D
問2 You want to use a figure for the biphasic sleep pattern mentioned in
the article. Choose the best option for [ 33 ].
選択肢はこちら→http://www.a-ema.com/img/2025eng7.png
問3 Choose the best options for [ 34 ] and [ 35 ] (The order does not
matter.)
{1} which burn up energy rapidly tend to sleep more often
{2} which continually search for food need longer sleep
{3} whose diet has fewer calories can sleep more easily
{4} whose food keeps their stomachs full usually sleep longer
{5} whose homes are difficult to get to typically sleep less
問4 Choose the best option for [ 36 ].
{1} can be partially asleep and partially awake while in flight
{2} can have half of their brain sleep, leading to increased heart rate
{3} can keep both eyes open constantly to watch out for enemies
{4} can protect the outside members from inside the group
問5 Choose the best heading for [ 37 ].
{1} Common Patterns of Sleep
{2} Natural Sleep Methods
{3} Reasons for Sleep
{4} States Similar to Sleep
※一部図や記号は省略または類似のものに変更、文章のレイアウトも一部変更、
マーク部分の□や下線部は[ ]、マル1は{1}で表記しています。
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■ 問いの内容と解説
問1 Under the heading, / "Importance of Sleep," / you spotted an error
/ in your presentation outline.
/ Which of the following / should you remove? [ 32 ]
その見出しの下で / "Importance of Sleep"の / あなたは誤りを見つけた
/ あなたのプレゼンテーションの下書きの中の
/ 次のうちどれを / あなたは取り除くべきか?
つまり、文章の内容と合わないもの、文章では言われていないものを選ぶ問題です。
それぞれの記述を確認してみると、
A. To alter body temperature 体温を調整すること
B. To maintain overall health 全体的な健康を維持すること
C. To refresh the animal's body 動物の体を・・・
(以下略)
(有料版では、解説の続きも掲載しています)
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
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【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
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