【高校英語】過去問攻略！センター英語
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
■ 問題
第６問 次の文章を読み、下の問い(Ａ・Ｂ)に答えよ。なお、文章の左にある
(1)〜(6)は段落の番号を表している。
[Catching Bees and Counting Fish: How "Citizen Science" Works]
(1) It's sunny afternoon here in Texas, and my wife Barbara is at the
park again, counting and recording the number of eggs laid by monarch
butterflies. After collecting her data, she'll share it with the
professional scientist who recruited her. In another state, our friend
Antonio listens for frogs by visiting 12 different sites, four times a
year. He has been submitting his findings to scientists for almost 20
years now. And on the other side of the country, our niece Emily is
catching native bees, putting tiny tags on them, and handing in weekly
reports to the biology department at a local university. Nobody is paying
Barbara, Antonio, or Emily for their efforts, but all three consider
themselves lucky to be "citizen scientists."
(2) When volunteers participate as assistants in activities like these,
they are engaging in citizen science, a valuable research technique that
invites the public to assist in gathering information. Some of them are
science teachers or students, but most are simply amateurs who enjoy
spending time in nature. They also take pride in aiding scientists and
indirectly helping to protect the environment. The movement they are
involved in is not a new one. In fact, its roots go back over a hundred
years. One of the earliest projects of this type is the Christmas Bird
Count, started by the National Audubon Society in 1900. However, citizen
science projects are [burgeoning] more than ever: over 60 of them were
mentioned at a meeting of the Ecological Society of America not long ago.
(3) In formal studies, professional scientists and other experts need to
maintain the highest possible standards. For research to be accepted as
valid, it must not only be thorough, but also objective and accurate. Some
might argue that citizen scientists cannot maintain the necessary
attention to detail, or that amateurs will misunderstand the context of
the investigation and make mistakes when collecting and organizing
information. In other words, can citizen science be considered truly
reliable?
(4) Two recent studies show that it can. The first focused on volunteer
knowledge and skills. In this study, a scientist asked volunteers to
identify types of crabs along the Atlantic coast of the US. He found that
almost all adult volunteers could perform the task and even third graders
in elementary school had an 80% success rate. The second study compared
professional and nonprofessional methods. Following a strict traditional
procedure, a group of 12 scuba divers identified 106 species of fish in
the Caribbean. Using a procedure designed by professionals to be more
relaxed and enjoyable for volunteers, a second group of 12 divers spent
the same amount of time in the same waters. Surprisingly, the second
method was even more successful: this group identified a total of 137
species. Results like these suggest that research assisted by amateurs can
be trusted when scientists organize it.
(5) The best citizen science projects are win-win situations. On the one
hand, the scientific community gains access to far more data than they
would otherwise have, while spending less money. On the other hand,
citizen science is good for the general public: it gets people out into
the natural world and involved in scientific processes. Additionally, when
people take part in a well-designed study that includes training to use
equipment, collect data, and share their findings, they have the
satisfaction of learning about new ideas and technologies.
(6) I find it encouraging that the list of scientific studies using
citizen scientists is quickly getting longer. Still, we're just beginning
to realize the potential of citizen science. More scientists need to
recognize how much volunteers can contribute to professional research. As
I see it, it's time for us to expand the old, conservative view of
"science for people" to include a more democratic one of "science by
people."
Ａ 次の問い(問１〜５)の[ 47 ]〜[ 51 ]に入れるのに最も適当なものを、
それぞれ下の{1}〜{4}のうちから一つずつ選べ。
問１ The citizen scientists in Paragraph (1) [ 47 ].
{1} compare their data with that of other volunteers
{2} earn some money for the information they gather
{3} monitor the life cycles of insects in laboratories
{4} report on their results or activities to professionals
問２ The word [burgeoning] in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to
[ 48 ].
{1} causing arguments
{2} increasing rapidly
{3} losing popularity
{4} receiving awards
問３ Why does the author emphasize an 80% success rate in Paragraph (4)?
[ 49 ]
{1} To contrast negatively with the adults' success rate
{2} To demonstrate the high quality of the overall results
{3} To emphasize how many types of crabs there are
{4} To reveal the elementary students' lack of skills
問４ What personal view is expressed in Paragraph (6)? [ 50 ]
{1} Eventually, scientific knowledge will come mainly from amateurs.
{2} Not enough scientists appreciate the advantages of citizen science.
{3} The recent shift toward relying on volunteer data is disappointing.
{4} Too many studies using citizen science are now being conducted.
問５ What is the author's main message in this article? [ 51 ]
{1} Citizen science benefits volunteers, professionals, and society.
{2} Scientific research should be left in the hands of specialists.
{3} There is a long history of volunteers identifying fish species.
{4} Traditional science has been replaced by citizen science.
Ｂ 次の表は、本文の段落構成と内容をまとめたものである。[ 52 ]〜[ 55 ]に
入れるのに最も適当なものを、下の{1}〜{4}のうちから一つずつ選び、表を完成
させよ。ただし、同じものを繰り返しえらんではいけない。
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
| Paragraph | Content |
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
| (1) | Introduction: Author's personal examples |
| (2) | [ 52 ] |
| (3) | [ 53 ] |
| (4) | [ 54 ] |
| (5) | [ 55 ] |
| (6) | Conclusion: Author's hope for the future |
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
{1} Concerns: Volunteer skills and knowledge
{2} Evidence: Successful volunteer efforts
{3} Explanation: Definition and history
{4} Opinion: Merits for everyone involved
※マーク部分の□は[ ]で、マル１は{1}で表記しています。
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=========================== お知らせ１ ===============================
ＡＥ個別学習室(えまじゅく)水戸教室では、2021年１月に実施される新試験
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従来のセンター試験や試行テストの内容を踏まえて、理系文系全科目の指導が可能
です。マンツーマンの授業なので「ゼロからのスタートの人は中学の復習から」
「基本ができている人は応用問題の解き方中心に」など、ひとりひとりの状況に
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■ 解答・解説
2015年も第６問は長文問題でした。
概ね段落１つにつき設問が１つなので、設問で示された段落をしっかり読めば、
確実に正解できるはずです。
Ａ
問１ The citizen scientists in Paragraph (1) [ 47 ].
問１ パラグラフ(1)の市民科学者は[ 47 ]。
{1} compare their data with that of other volunteers
{1} 他のボランティアと自分のデータを比較する
{2} earn some money for the information they gather
(以下略)
(有料版では、解説の続きや語句コーナー、解答一覧も掲載しています)
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
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=========================== お知らせ２ ===============================
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■ 全文訳(基本的に直訳ですが、一部意訳しています)
[蜂の捕獲と魚のカウント：どのように「市民科学」がはたらくか]
(1) ここテキサスでの晴れた午後、私の妻のBarbaraは再びその公園で、
オオカバマダラによって産み付けられた卵の数を数えて記録していました。彼女は
データを集めた後、彼女を雇ったプロの科学者とそれを共有します。他の州では…
(以下略)
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解説の続きは、本日21時配信予定の
【高校英語】過去問攻略！センター英語
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
に掲載します！
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mm@a-ema.com http://www.a-ema.com/k/ https://twitter.com/A_EMA_RYU
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=========================== お知らせ３ ===============================
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ラベル：英語
