【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
■ 問題
2022年大学入試共通テスト英語より
第６問
Ａ Your study group is learning about "how time of day affects people."
You have found an article you want to share. Complete the summary notes
for your next meeting.
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｜ [When Does the Day Begin for You?] ｜
｜ ｜
｜ When asked "Are you a morning person?" some reply "No, I'm a night ｜
｜owl." Such people can concentrate and create at night. At the other ｜
｜end of the clock, a well-known proverb claims: "The early bird catches｜
｜the worm," which means that waking early is the way to get food, win ｜
｜prizes, and reach goals. The lark is a morning singer, so early birds,｜
｜the opposite of owls, are larks. Creatures active during the day are ｜
｜"diurnal" and those emerging at night are "nocturnal." ｜
｜ Yet another proverb states: "Early to bed, early to rise makes a man｜
｜healthy, wealthy, and wise." Larks may jump out of bed and welcome the｜
｜morning with a big breakfast, while owls hit the snooze button, ｜
｜getting ready at the last minute, usually without breakfast. They may ｜
｜have fewer meals, but they eat late in the day. Not exercising after ｜
｜meals can cause weight gain. Perhaps larks are healthier. Owls must ｜
｜work or learn on the lark schedule. Most schooling occurs before 4:00 ｜
｜p.m., so young larks may perform certain tasks better. Business deals ｜
｜made early in the day may make some larks wealthier. ｜
｜ What makes one person a lark and another an owl? One theory suggests｜
｜preference for day or night has to do with time of birth. In 2010, ｜
｜Cleveland State University researchers found evidence that not only ｜
｜does a person's internal clock start at the moment of birth, but that ｜
｜those born at night might have lifelong challenges performing during ｜
｜daytime hours. Usually, their world experience begins with darkness. ｜
｜Since traditional study time and office work happen in daylight, we ｜
｜assume that day begins in the morning. People asleep are not first in ｜
｜line, and might miss chances. ｜
｜ Does everyone follow the system of beginning days in the morning? ｜
｜The Jewish people, an approximately 6,000-year-old religious group, ｜
｜believe a day is measured from sundown until the following sundown-- ｜
｜from eve to eve. Christians continue this tradition with Christmas ｜
｜Eve. The Chinese use their system of 12 animals not only to mark ｜
｜years, but to separate each two-hour period of the day. The hour of ｜
｜the rat, the first period, is from 11:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. Chinese ｜
｜culture also begins the day at night. In other words, ancient customs ｜
｜support how owls view time. ｜
｜ Research indicates owls are smarter and more creative. So, perhaps ｜
｜larks are not always wiser! That is to say, larks win "healthy" and ｜
｜sometimes "wealthy," but they may lose "wise." In an early report, ｜
｜Richard D. Roberts and Patrick C. Kyllonen state that owls tend to be ｜
｜more intelligent. A later, comprehensive study by Franzis Preckel, for｜
｜which Roberts was one of the co-authors, came to the same conclusion. ｜
｜It is not all good news for owls, though. Not only can schoolwork be a｜
｜challenge, but they may miss daytime career opportunities and are more｜
｜likely to enjoy the bad habits of "nightlife," playing at night while ｜
｜larks sleep. Nightlife tends to be expensive. A University of ｜
｜Barcelona study suggests larks are precise, seek perfection, and feel ｜
｜little stress. Owls seek new adventures and exciting leisure ｜
｜activities, yet they often have trouble relaxing. ｜
｜ Can people change? While the results are not all in, studies of ｜
｜young adults seem to say no, we are hard-wired. So, as young people ｜
｜grow and acquire more freedom, they end up returning to their lark or ｜
｜owl nature. However, concerns arise that this categorization may not ｜
｜fit everyone. In addition to time of birth possibly being an ｜
｜indication, a report published in Nature Communications suggests that ｜
｜DNA may also affect our habits concerning time. Other works focus on ｜
｜changes occurring in some people due to aging or illness. New research｜
｜in this area appears all the time. A study of university students in ｜
｜Russia suggests that there are six types, so owls and larks may not be｜
｜the only birds around! ｜
└―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┘
Your summary notes:
┌―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┐
｜○ [When Does the Day Begin for You?] ｜
｜○ ｜
｜○ [Vocabulary] ｜
｜○ Definition of [diurnal]: [ 39 ] ｜
｜○ ←→opposite: nocturnal ｜
｜○ ｜
｜○ [The Main Points] ｜
｜○ ・Not all of us fit easily into the common daytime schedule, but ｜
｜○ we are forced to follow it, especially when we are children. ｜
｜○ ・Some students indicate that the most active time for each of us ｜
｜○ is part of our nature. ｜
｜○ ・Basically, [ 40 ]. ｜
｜○ ・Perspectives keep changing with new research. ｜
｜○ ｜
｜○ [Interesting Details] ｜
｜○ ・The Jewish and Christian religions, as well as Chinese time ｜
｜○ division, are referred to in the article in order to [ 41 ]. ｜
｜○ ・Some studies show that [ 42 ] may set a person's internal clock ｜
｜○ and may be the explanation for differences in intelligence and ｜
｜○ [ 43 ]. ｜
└―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┘
※一部記号は省略、マーク部分の□や下線部は[ ]、マル１は{1}で表記しています。
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■ スラッシュリーディング
In your English class, / you will give a presentation
/ about a great inventor.
あなたの英語の授業で / あなたは発表する予定だ
/ ある偉大な発明家について
You found / the following article / and prepared notes
/ for your presentation.
あなたは見つけた / 次の記事を / そしてメモを準備した
/ あなたの発表のための
┌―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┐
Who invented television?
誰がテレビを発明したか？
It is not an easy question / to answer.
それは簡単な質問ではない / 答えるのが
(以下略)
(有料版では、解説の続きも掲載しています)
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
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【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
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