2022年06月08日

本日配信のメルマガ。2022年共通テスト英語第5問

本日配信のメルマガでは、2022年大学入試共通テスト英語第5問を解説します。


【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html


■ 問題

2022年大学入試共通テスト英語より

第5問

 In your English class, you will give a presentation about a great
inventor. You found the following article and prepared notes for your
presentation.

┌―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┐
| Who invented television? It is not an easy question to answer. In  |
|the early years of the 20th century, there was something called a   |
|mechanical television system, but it was not a success. Inventors were|
|also competing to develop an electronic television system, which later|
|became the basis of what we have today. In the US, there was a battle |
|over the patent for the electronic television system, which attracted |
|people's attention because it was between a young man and a giant   |
|corporation. This patent would give the inventor the official right to|
|be the only person to develop, use, or sell the system.        |
| Philo Taylor Farnsworth was born in a log cabin in Utah in 1906. His|
|family did not have electricity until he was 12 years old, and he was |
|excited to find a generator--a machine that produces electricity--when|
|they moved into a new home. He was very interested in mechanical and |
|electrical technology, reading any information he could find on the  |
|subject. He would often repair the old generator and even changed his |
|mother's hand-powered washing machine into an electricity-powered one.|
| One day, while working in his father's potato field, he looked   |
|behind him and saw all the straight parallel rows of soil that he had |
|made. Suddenly, it occurred to him that it might be possible to create|
|an electronic image on a screen using parallel lines, just like the  |
|rows in the field. In 1922, during the spring semester of his first  |
|year at high school, he presented this idea to his chemistry teacher, |
|Justin Tolman, and asked for advice about his concept of an electronic|
|television system. With sketches and diagrams on blackboards, he   |
|showed the teacher how it might be accomplished, and Tolman encouraged|
|him to develop his ideas.                       |
| On September 7, 1927, Farnsworth succeeded in sending his first   |
|electronic image. In the following years, he further improved the   |
|system so that it could successfully broadcast live images. The US  |
|government gave him a patent for this system in 1930.         |
| However, Farnsworth was not the only one working on such a system. A|
|giant company, RCA(Radio Corporation of America), also saw a bright  |
|future for television and did not want to miss the opportunity. They |
|recruited Vladimir Zworykin, who had already worked on an electronic |
|television system and had earned a patent as early as 1923. Yet, in  |
|1931, they offered Farnsworth a large sum of money to sell them his  |
|patent as his system was superior to that of Zworykin's. He refused  |
|this offer, which started a patent war between Farnsworth and RCA.  |
| The company took legal action against Farnsworth, claiming that   |
|Zworykin's 1923 patent had priority even though he had never made a  |
|working version of his system. Farnsworth lost the first two rounds of|
|the court case. However, in the final round, the teacher who had   |
|copied Farnsworth's blackboard drawings gave evidence that Farnsworth |
|did have the idea of an electronic television system at least a year |
|before Zworykin's patent was issued. In 1934, a judge approved    |
|Farnsworth's patent claim on the strength of handwritten notes made by|
|his old high school teacher Tolman.                  |
| Farnsworth died in 1971 at the age of 64. He held about 300 US and |
|foreign patents, mostly in radio and television, and in 1999, TIME  |
|magazine included Farnsworth in Time 100: The Most Important People of|
|the Century. In an interview after his death, Farnsworth's wife Pem  |
|recalled Neil Armstrong's moon landing being broadcast. Watching the |
|television with her, Farnsworth had said, "Pem, this has made it all |
|worthwhile." His story will always be tied to his teenage dream of  |
|sending moving pictures through the air and those blackboard drawings |
|at his high school.                          |
└―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┘

Your presentation notes:
┌―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┐
|○       Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971)          |
|○                                  |
|○            −[ 30 ]−                 |
|○ [Early Days]                           |
|○  −born in a log cabin without electricity            |
|○  −[ 31 ]                            |
|○  −[ 32 ]                            |
|○                                  |
|○ [Sequence of Key Events]                     |
|○  |[ 33 ]                            |
|○  |[ 34 ]                            |
|○  |Farnsworth successfully sent his first image.         |
|○  |[ 35 ]                            |
|○  |[ 36 ]                            |
|○  ↓RCA took Farnsworth to court.                 |
|○                                  |
|○ [Outcome]                             |
|○  −Farnsworth won the patent battle against RCA thanks to [ 37 ].|
|○                                  |
|○ [Achievements and Recognition]                  |
|○  −Farnsworth had about 300 patents.               |
|○  −TIME magazine listed him as one of the century's most     |
|○   important figures.                      |
|○  −[ 38 ]                            |
|○                                  |
└―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┘

問1 Which is the best subtitle for your presentation? [ 30 ]
{1} A Young Inventor Against a Giant Company
{2} From High School Teacher to Successful Inventor
{3} Never-Ending Passion for Generating Electricity
{4} The Future of Electronic Television

問2 Choose the best two options for [ 31 ] and [ 32 ] to complete [Early
Days]. (The order does not matter.)
{1} bought a generator to provide his family with electricity
{2} built a log cabin that had electricity with the help of his father
{3} enjoyed reading books on every subject in school
{4} fixed and improved household equipment for his family
{5} got the idea for an electronic television system while working in a field

問3 Choose [four] out of the five events ({1}〜{5}) in the order they
happened to complete [Sequence of Key Events].
[ 33 ]→[ 34 ]→[ 35 ]→[ 36 ]
{1} Farnsworth rejected RCA's offer.
{2} Farnsworth shared his idea with his high school teacher.
{3} RCA won the first stage of the battle.
{4} The US government gave Farnsworth the patent.
{5} Zworykin was granted a patent for his television system.

問4 Choose the best option for [ 37 ] to complete [Outcome].
{1} the acceptance of his rival's technology inferiority
{2} the financial assistance provided by Tolman
{3} the sketches his teacher had kept for many years
{4} the withdrawal of RCA from the battle

問5 Choose the best option for [ 38 ] to complete [Achievements and
Recognition].
{1} He and his wife were given an award for their work with RCA.
{2} He appeared on TV when Armstrong's first moon landing was broadcast.
{3} His invention has enabled us to watch historic events live.
{4} Many teenagers have followed their dreams after watching him on TV.


※一部記号は省略、マーク部分の□や下線部は[ ]、マル1は{1}で表記しています。

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■ スラッシュリーディング

 In your English class, / you will give a presentation
/ about a great inventor.
あなたの英語の授業で / あなたは発表する予定だ
/ ある偉大な発明家について

You found / the following article / and prepared notes
/ for your presentation.
あなたは見つけた / 次の記事を / そしてメモを準備した
/ あなたの発表のための

┌―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――┐
 Who invented television?
誰がテレビを発明したか?

It is not an easy question / to answer.
それは簡単な質問ではない / 答えるのが


(以下略)


(有料版では、解説の続きも掲載しています)
 http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
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解説の続きは、本日21時配信予定の

【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
 http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html

に掲載します!
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