【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html
■ 問題
2025年大学入学共通テスト追試より
第７問
You are preparing a presentation for science class. You found some
interesting information in the article below and are now making your outline.
[Hard and Soft Water]
Every day water flows through the pipes in our homes. It is used for
bathing, cooking, and many other things. Although water is a liquid which
does not appear to be hard, there are actually different degrees of hardness
or softness. In fact, there are distinct differences in the makeup of water,
how it becomes hard or soft, and suitable uses for each type.
Natural water in the form of rain or snow is soft. Water becomes hard
when it absorbs calcium, magnesium, or small amounts of iron. According to
the World Health Organization (WHO), water containing 60 or more milligrams
of these minerals per liter (mg/L) is generally considered hard water. This
"hard water" can be further subdivided. Water containing 60-120 mg/L is
moderately hard, and water containing 120-180 mg/L is hard. If water
contains more than 180 mg/L, it is classified as very hard. In contrast,
water with low mineral content (below 60 mg/L) is said to be soft.
Scientists explain that mineral content in water varies by location.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo, comparing water in Japan with that
of 27 other countries from 2017 to 2020, determined that Japanese water was
considered to be on the soft side, whereas water in parts of Europe and
Africa tended to be harder. The researchers found that water hardness
depended more on the quality of the raw, or unpurified, water than the
purification process or the pipes used for its transportation.
There are several variables affecting the mineral content of raw water.
These include the kinds of rock in the ground, the amount of rain or snow
that falls in a region, and urbanization. Areas where water is taken from
underground sources have harder water because it has passed through rocks
containing minerals that dissolve in it. In addition, places where there is
a lot of snow have softer water, especially when it melts in spring. The
movement of more people and industries into cities, as well as the
infrastructure such as roads and buildings to support them, also affects
the mineral content of the water.
Since the properties of hard and soft water differ, each type has
different uses. The minerals in hard water make it more difficult for soaps
and detergents to form lather. These soapy bubbles don't wash away easily
and can leave a thin film of soap on the skin or hair. The minerals may
also leave white spots on glasses, cutlery, or shower mirrors. Limescale, a
hard white substance, might restrict water flow in pipes and discolor or
damage appliances as well. Despite these negative aspects, hard water tends
to rate higher on taste tests and could be beneficial for our health because
it boosts our daily mineral intake.
If the water we use at home is soft, it could save us money. We will use
less water and electricity for cleaning because soap rinses out more efficiently.
Our clothes will also be cleaner and last longer because minerals in hard water
make them wear out more quickly. When tap water is hard, it can be softened
at home using special devices attached to a house's water system. These
devices remove minerals by filtering water through beads with positively
charged potassium ions. These ions attract the minerals, removing them from
the water. However, this process could make the treated water saltier than
before.
If water filtration systems are too costly to buy and maintain, there are
home remedies that can help solve hard water problems. Boiling water
removes the minerals, which is useful when smaller amounts of soft water are
needed. White vinegar and baking soda both react to and neutralize calcium
and other minerals in water. Therefore, these products are good cleaning or
washing supplements when you have hard water at your home.
Now that we know the differences between hard and soft water, perhaps
an ideal mix of the two is best for our daily lives.
※表は省略します。
問１ You are going to add details to your presentation title. Choose the
best option for [ 32 ].
{1} Advantages and Disadvantages for Health
{2} Characteristics, Sources, and Daily Uses
{3} Ingredients, Cleaning Systems, and Consumption
{4} Locations, River Types, and Possible Problems
問２ Choose the best option to complete the table in the outline. [ 33 ]
{1} (1) Soft Water (2) Hard Water
(3) Moderately Hard Water (4) Very Hard Water
{2} (1) Soft Water (2) Moderately Hard Water
(3) Hard Water (4) Very Hard Water
{3} (1) Very Soft Water (2) Moderately Soft Water
(3) Soft Water (4) Hard Water
{4} (1) Very Soft Water (2) Soft Water
(3) Moderately Soft Water (4) Hard Water
問3 Choose the best option for [ 34 ]
{1} It was difficult to determine the regional differences of water hardness.
{2} Japanese water was the hardest among all of the countries studied.
{3} Regional water hardness was affected by the quality of raw water.
{4} The power of purification plants in Europe was different from Japan.
問４ Under the heading, "Factors Affecting the Hardness of Water," you
spotted an error in your presentation outline. Which of the following should
you remove? [ 35 ]
{1} A
{2} B
{3} C
{4} D
問5 Choose the best options for [ 36 ] and [ 37 ]. (The order does not
matter.)
{1} Hard water can completely get rid of a soapy film.
{2} Home remedies are ineffective for softening water.
{3} Minerals in hard water can positively affect our health.
{4} Soft water can help reduce household energy costs.
{5} Water spots are effective for improving appliance use.
※一部図や記号は省略または類似のものに変更、文章のレイアウトも一部変更、
マーク部分の□や下線部は[ ]、マル１は{1}で表記しています。
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■ スラッシュリーディング
You are preparing a presentation / for science class.
あなたはプレゼンテーションを準備している / 理科の授業のための
You found some interesting information / in the article below
/ and are now making your outline.
あなたはいくらかの興味深い情報を見つけた / 下の記事の中に
/ そして今、アウトラインを作っている
[Hard and Soft Water]
Every day / water flows / through the pipes / in our homes.
毎日 / 水は流れる / パイプを通って / 私たちの家庭の
It is used / for bathing, cooking, / and many other things.
それは使われる / 入浴、料理に / そして多くの他のことに
(以下略)
(有料版では、解説の続きも掲載しています)
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【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
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