本日配信のメルマガでは、2025年大学入学共通テスト英語第８問を解説します。
【高校英語】共通テストの英文解釈
http://www.mag2.com/m/0001641009.html■ 問題
2025年大学入学共通テストより
第８問
You are working on an essay about space exploration. You will follow the
steps below:
Step 1: Read a range of opinions gathered from the Internet about exploring
outer space.
Step 2: Take a position on space exploration.
Step 3: Create an outline of your essay using additional sources.
＞[Step 1] Read a range of opinions
┌────────────────────────────────────┐
｜[Apu (university professor)] ｜
｜The exploration of space requires a lot of research time and money. All ｜
｜this research has led to many new inventions and boosted humanity's ｜
｜scientific and technical knowledge. While laser eye surgery, solar ｜
｜cells, freeze-dried food, and wireless headsets are just a few examples ｜
｜that have come out of space research, perhaps the invention that has ｜
｜proven the most useful in modern life is the computer mouse. This was ｜
｜developed in the 1960s on a NASA research project. ｜
├────────────────────────────────────┤
｜[Christine (company CEO)] ｜
｜Much space exploration relies on international cooperation, a good ｜
｜example being the International Space Station, launched in 1998. The ｜
｜main reasons for this cooperation are to share the huge costs involved ｜
｜and to improve national prestige. More recently, private companies have ｜
｜begun exploring space, though mostly for commercial reasons. In the ｜
｜future, it is possible that countries or corporations will try to ｜
｜colonize parts of the moon or Mars. While financial cooperation and ｜
｜raising prestige are welcome, improper commercial or military use of ｜
｜outer space is not. ｜
├────────────────────────────────────┤
｜[Meilin (journalist)] ｜
｜As the famous physicist, Stephen Hawking, once said, it is probably ｜
｜dangerous to broadcast into deep space evidence of the existence of ｜
｜humans here on Earth. If our nearest intelligent aliens are anything ｜
｜like us, then they will seek to conquer Earth and humanity. For me, this｜
｜is the greatest threat associated with space exploration. The deeper ｜
｜into space we travel, the greater the likelihood Earth will be ｜
｜discovered by an aggressive alien civilization. ｜
└────────────────────────────────────┘
┌────────────────────────────────────┐
｜[Naomi (lawyer)] ｜
｜Historically, jobs working at sea were likely the least safe, with the ｜
｜highest rates of death in the workplace. In modern times, space is no ｜
｜different, if not worse. Once we are just 10,000 meters or so above the ｜
｜surface of the Earth, there is little oxygen and the temperature is too ｜
｜low for human survival. Since the first person went into space in 1961, ｜
｜19 of 652 astronauts have died on the job: a fatality rate of 2.9%. No ｜
｜other business or industry would tolerate such a high level of danger. ｜
｜Why should the space industry? ｜
├────────────────────────────────────┤
｜Victor (financial analyst) ｜
｜Space exploration has contributed hugely to economic growth. In the USA,｜
｜NASA provided work for nearly 340,000 people in 2021, mostly at above- ｜
｜average salaries, and it is estimated that it has contributed $7.7 ｜
｜billion in taxes to the US government. Space is also being explored by ｜
｜other countries, such as China, India, Japan, and Russia. In the future,｜
｜further economic growth will be ensured by more private firms entering ｜
｜the space race and by the rise of space tourism, space mining, space ｜
｜colonization, and space militarization. ｜
└────────────────────────────────────┘
問１ Which of the following best expresses Meilin's opinion? [ 38 ]
{1} Caution is critical.
{2} Invention is invaluable.
{3} Science is superior.
{4} Trust is treasure.
問２ Both Christine and Victor mention that space exploration [ 39 ].
{1} has economic impacts and provides opportunities for private
corporations to make money
{2} is gaining popularity and that salaries for people working in the
industry are above average
{3} is politically challenging as it requires coordination among countries
with different policies
{4} needs global cooperation, especially to operate the International Space
Station successfully
＞[Step 2] Take a position
問３ Now that you have understood the various opinions, you have taken a
position on space exploration and written some notes below. Choose the best
options to complete [ 40 ]－[ 42 ]. (You must have [all] of [ 40 ]－[ 42 ]
correct to get points.)
┌────────────────────────────────────┐
｜POSITION: Space exploration is not a good idea. ｜
｜・[ 40 ] and [ 41 ] opinions support this the most. ｜
｜・An argument common to these two people is that [ 42 ]. ｜
└────────────────────────────────────┘
Options for [ 40 ] and [ 41 ] (the order does not matter):
{1} Apu's
{2} Christine's
{3} Meilin's
{4} Naomi's
{5} Victor's
Options for [ 42 ]:
{1} military conflict in outer space is something we should try hard to avoid
{2} space exploration exposes people to a lot of danger and is too risky
{3} the possibility of alien invasion is too great to be ignored and must be
addressed
{4} the risk of death for people in the industry is extremely high compared
with other jobs
＞[Step 3] Create an outline of your essay
Essay outline
┌────────────────────────────────────┐
｜ [A Reconsideration of Space Exploration] ｜
｜[Introduction] ｜
｜Space exploration is without doubt on the frontline of science, but it ｜
｜should not be a priority for the following three reasons. ｜
｜ ｜
｜[Body] ｜
｜REASON 1 from Step 2, based on evidence from the opinions in Step 1 ｜
｜REASON 2 ([ 43] ), based on evidence from Source A ｜
｜REASON 3, based on evidence ([ 44 ]) from Source B ｜
｜ ｜
｜[Conclusion] ｜
｜Upon consideration of all its aspects, we should perhaps prioritize ｜
｜other things over exploring space. ｜
└────────────────────────────────────┘
┌────────────────────────────────────┐
｜[Source А] ｜
｜Although you may not make a direct connection between space exploration ｜
｜and environmental problems, a connection does exist. First, the CO2 ｜
｜emissions of spacecraft are not insignificant. It is estimated that one ｜
｜spacecraft launch emits 200-300 tons of CO2 and other harmful gases into｜
｜the Earth's atmosphere. More and more spacecraft are being sent into ｜
｜space, which is damaging for the Earth. The contribution to the ｜
｜greenhouse effect of these craft's CO2 emissions is causing the Earth's ｜
｜temperature to rise. Second, space exploration is damaging the ｜
｜thermosphere (the space environment close to the Earth). The quantity of｜
｜space debris, the junked parts of spacecraft or artificial satellites, ｜
｜is on the rise. NASA estimates that, in the thermosphere, there are ｜
｜currently around 23,000 pieces of space debris which are larger than a ｜
｜softball and travel at speeds of up to 28,000 km/h. This poses a risk to｜
｜future spaceflight, and may even be a potential obstacle to astronomical｜
｜observation. ｜
└────────────────────────────────────┘
┌────────────────────────────────────┐
｜[Source В]
｜Space exploration is getting more and more costly; in 2022 it was ｜
｜reported that the total amount of money spent by all the governments ｜
｜around the world was more than US$100 billion. The graph below compares ｜
｜this cost with the annual budgets, estimated by international ｜
｜institutions, that would be required to address some of the world's most｜
｜important issues. ｜
｜
｜┌──────────────────────────────────┐｜
｜｜Government investment ｜｜
｜｜worldwide in space exploration □□□□□□□□□□□103 ｜｜
｜├──────────────────────────────────┤｜
｜｜[Potential annual budgets in developing countries needed for...] ｜｜
｜｜ providing clean water ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■150 ｜｜
｜｜ supplying basic education ■■■■■■54 ｜｜
｜｜ relieving hunger ■■■■40 ｜｜
｜｜ US$ billion ｜｜
｜└──────────────────────────────────┘｜
└────────────────────────────────────┘
問４ Based on Source A, which of the following is the most appropriate for
REASON 2? [ 43 ]
{1} CO2 emissions produced by spacecraft are huge and are damaging outer
space.
{2} It is difficult to update spacecraft with new engines that emit fewer
harmful gases.
{3} Space debris poses risks to humans due to potential collision with
airplanes.
{4} Space exploration is polluting the environment of both the Earth and the
thermosphere.
問５ For REASON 3, you have decided to write [The cost of space exploration is
high and the money could be used instead to solve major world problems].
Based on Source B, which option best supports this statement? [ 44 ]
{1} The amount of money that governments around the world spend on
space exploration could not only reduce hunger but also make primary
education available in developing countries.
{2} The data show that it costs less to ensure clean water for people in
developing countries than for governments around the world to explore
space.
{3} With less than half the money that governments spend on space
exploration, it would be possible to address the problem of educational
inequality in the developing world.
{4} With the money currently invested in space exploration, we could
provide sufficient food, basic education, and enough clean water in
developing countries.
※一部図や記号は省略または類似のものに変更、文章のレイアウトも一部変更、
マーク部分の□や下線部は[ ]、マル１は{1}で表記しています。
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■ 問いの内容と解説
問４ Based on Source A, / which of the following is the most appropriate
/ for REASON 2? [ 43 ]
Source Aに基づくと / 次のうちどれが最も適当か？
/ REASON 2に
{1} CO2 emissions / produced by spacecraft / are huge
/ and are damaging outer space.
ＣＯ2排出は / 宇宙船によって生み出される / 巨大だ
/ そして外宇宙にダメージを与えている
{2} It is difficult / to update spacecraft / with new engines
/ that emit fewer harmful gases.
それは難しい / 宇宙船をアップデートすることは / 新しいエンジンに
/ より少ない有害ガスを排出する
(以下略)
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